According to Garrad, grimdark is associated with the gothic movement of the 1990s and its negativity and emphasis on loss.
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Martin's popular grimdark fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire is characterized, in Roberts's view, by its reaction to Tolkien's idealism, even though it owes a lot to Tolkien. Valentine noted that while some writers have embraced the term, others see it as "a dismissive term for fantasy that's dismantling tropes, a stamp unfairly applied." Use in fantasy fiction Īccording to Roberts, grimdark is an "anti- Tolkien" approach to fantasy writing. Whether grimdark is a genre in its own right or an unhelpful label has also been discussed. This, according to her, has the effect of absolving the protagonists as well as the reader from moral responsibility. Liz Bourke considered grimdark's defining characteristic to be "a retreat into the valorisation of darkness for darkness's sake, into a kind of nihilism that portrays right action.In the view of Jared Shurin, grimdark fantasy has three key components: a grim and dark tone, a sense of realism (for example, monarchs are useless and heroes are flawed), and the agency of the protagonists: whereas in high fantasy everything is predestined and the tension revolves around how the heroes defeat the Dark Lord, grimdark is "fantasy protestantism": characters have to choose between good and evil, and are "just as lost as we are".Genevieve Valentine called grimdark a "shorthand for a subgenre of fantasy fiction that claims to trade on the psychology of those sword-toting heroes, and the dark realism behind all those kingdom politics".But he noted that grimdark has little to do with re-imagining an actual historic reality and more with conveying the sense that our own world is a "cynical, disillusioned, ultraviolent place". Adam Roberts described it as fiction "where nobody is honourable and Might is Right", and as "the standard way of referring to fantasies that turn their backs on the more uplifting, Pre-Raphaelite visions of idealized medievaliana, and instead stress how nasty, brutish, short and, er, dark life back then 'really' was".Several attempts to define "grimdark" have been made:
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